Water Purification
Former Firefighter & Survival Enthusias
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Water must be pre-filtered, then purified. Assume all urban water is contaminated.
Stage 1: Pre-Filtration (Sediment Removal)
• Goal: Remove large particulates (dirt, debris) to prevent clogs and ensure purification works.
• Method: Pour water through a clean cloth, coffee filter, or bandana before purification.
Stage 2: Purification (Killing Pathogens)
Method
Effectiveness
Best Use Boiling: Kills all bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Most reliable.
When you have a heat source and secure location. Boil for 1 full minute (3 minutes at high altitude).
Water Filter
Highly effective against bacteria and protozoa.
NOTE:
(Note: Most do NOT remove viruses.) For fast hydration from relatively clean sources (lakes, streams, not sewer water).
Chemical Treatment
Chlorine Dioxide Tablets, or Unscented Household Bleach (6-8 drops per gallon). As a backup or to treat water after filtering. Wait 30 minutes to 4 hours.
